Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy Essay

â€Å"Community policing is, in essence, a collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems† (U. S. Department of Justice, 1994, p. vii). Throughout the years, community policing has become a more popular strategy to help law enforcement officials control and deter crime; however, some areas across the United States has had problems in the past with communities and law enforcement working together to ensure a secure and safe environment. Although it is an officer’s duty to maintain order, keep the peace, and solve problems within the area he or she is patrolling, it is also necessary for the people of the community to come together to help prevent crime. Everyone wants to feel safe in his or her place of dwelling and know that he or she has individuals who will serve and protect the area. Ergo, when problems occur between law enforcement and communities, the citizens develop a stigma against law officials and do not want to help solve or prevent criminal acts. On the other side, when law enforcement officials develop a positive rapport with the community, the citizens are more likely to come forward to help solve crimes or problems that evolve within the neighborhood. Community policing is a necessary program to have within a community and many neighborhoods have adopted these programs. The Chicago Police Department is one city that knew a community-based program was a necessity to solve criminal problems within the neighborhoods of the city. In 1993, the Chicago Police Department implemented the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS), which is a community-based program that helps solves neighborhood crime problems with the collaboration of community members and law enforcement officials. According to Office of Justice Programs (n. d. ), â€Å"The program began in five policing districts but expanded to encompass the entire city of Chicago after a testing phase. Program development included the collaborative efforts of each district’s commanders, senior department executives, and ivilian planners† (para. 4). The underlying goal for CAPS is to solve problems within a community instead of reacting to their symptomatic consequences. This program has a five-step process for police officers to follow to ensure that the community and law enforcement agency works together to control crime. For this program to work effectively, one must identify and prioritize the problem at hand, analyze the situation, organize a plan to handle the problem, implement a strategy, and evaluate the outcome (Office of Justice Programs, n. . ). If the outcome is not effective, changes are set in place to correct the mistake and move forward by working together as a team to solve future problems that may arise. Furthermore, the CAPS program has an assortment of tactics, which include officers who patrol the neighborhoods, community meetings that involve the residents and law enforcement officials, training programs for both parties, city services, and technology to help identify the criminal hot spots in the area (Chicago Police Department, 2008). This program allows the officers to continue to patrol and handle their daily duties as well as work together with the community and other city officials to fight crime in one of the most notorious criminal cities in the United States. The Chicago Police Department works in teams for this program to be effective. One team will concentrate on the community and preventing crime, whereas the other team will handle the lower priority issues as well as respond to calls. The program splits the law enforcement officials into teams, which are beat officers, rapid response officers, and other city agencies. The beat officers patrol a certain area for at least a year, which allows each officer to know the neighborhood as well as the residents. This allows the officers and the residents to form a bond with one another and build trust between both parties, which allows them to work together as a team to monitor, strategize, and solve problems within the community. The rapid response officers assist the beat officers on emergency calls as well as back up the beat officers while they are in their community meetings. Undercover and gang officers help the beat officers on solving crimes and detaining suspects. With the collaboration between the law enforcement teams and the citizens the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy and proven to be a successful weapon to fight crime. In addition, the success that has come from the implementation of the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy only hows that in the future it will become more successful. This program has helped improve the residents’ confidence that the police are there to help combat crime, to ensure the community is a safe place to live as well as a reduction in major crimes. â€Å"Evaluations of the alternative policing strategy in Chicago show that from 1993 to 2002, the fear of crime went down by 20% among groups most fearful of crime and victimization† (University of Ottawa, n. d. , p. 1). This is only one benefit that has come about from this program, so with the bond between law enforcement and residents of the communities becoming stronger daily, this program has a bright future on helping prevent and deter crime. Although many neighborhoods adopt community-policing programs, not all are successful in controlling crime. Some communities adopt these programs believing that it will evolve into a successful program were police and residents work together; however, not all programs are effective. For a program to be successful, each party, such as law enforcement officials and residents must work collaboratively through the entire process, which is to identify, implement, and resolve the issues at hand (Chicago Police Department, 2008). Community-based programs are constantly developing throughout the nation and with communities, adopting programs like the Chicago Alternative Program Strategy, community policing has the potential to be successful in any city or state.

Habeas-Corpus Essay

Habeas-corpus is a Latin term which literally means â€Å"you may have the body†. Under the law of England, as a result of long usage, the term came to signify a prerogative writ; a remedy with which a person unlawfully detained sought to be set at liberty. It is mentioned as early as the fourteenth century in England and was formalised in the Habeas-corpus Act of 1679. The privilege of the use of this writ was regarded as a foundation of human freedom and the British citizen insisted upon this privilege wherever he went whether for business or colonisation.This is how it found a place in the Constitution of the United States when the British colonies in America won their independence and established a new State under that Constitution. In India, under the Constitution, the power to issue a writ of habeas-corpus is vested only in the Supreme Court and the High Courts. The writ is a direction of the Court to a person who is detaining another, commanding him to bring the body of the person in his custody at a specified time to a specified place for a specified purpose.A writ of habeas-corpus has only one purpose: To set at liberty a person who is confined without legal justification: to secure release from confinement of a person unlawfully detained. The writ does not punish the wrongdoer. If the detention is proved unlawful, the person who secures liberty through the writ may proceed against the wrongdoer in any appropriate manner. The writ is issued not only against authorities of the State but also to private individuals or organizations if necessary.

Managment Information System Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managment Information System - Case Study Example The retailers on the Amazon system are directly affiliated with the company which ensures the customers that the products that they will receive will be the same which they might get from original stores. When customer purchases any item, the Amazon system is designed in a way that it recommends similar items purchased by other customers widening the choice and availability of products to customers. The system also remembers customers’ every purchase and reminds them of the items they have already purchased making virtual shopping hassle free. In addition to this, the shipping procedure of Amazon also makes its stand out among the competitor. Any order that is placed by the customer is connected to the Amazon distribution centers that determine the best and cheapest way to ship the product. This data is calculated by the automatic system and the customer receives the full shipping information under two minutes. For a service such as the Amazons’ customers are willing to shop here even if they can find better prices elsewhere. The company wanted the entire system to be automatic from online ordering to coordination of distribution to the concept of almost-in-time inventory control applications. Since Amazon was new entering the cyber-world with a new conceptual idea, it had to build its technology from scratch as no such technology had been built previously. In addition, the data systems from stores, retailers, and merchants had to be connected to Amazon’s servers in real-time to provide current information to the customers. As the company kept growing, it introduced more ideas into its website for customers that required building and integrating new technology to the existing systems. To cater these needs, Amazon built its system from scratch. Besides this, Amazon wanted to have an advantage in the e-business by developing homemade applications and not relying on any legacy systems. Amazon

English 101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

English 101 - Essay Example This provided her both with few playmates and multiple teachers, so that she learned to read, write and compute mathematics early and without apparent effort. However, she credits the youngest of her older brothers for the life-giving lessons of how to sit a wild horse on a wild ride in the middle of a battlefield. â€Å"Sometimes, in later yeas, when I found myself suddenly on a strange horse in a trooper’s saddle, flying for life or liberty in front of pursuit, I blessed the baby lessons of the wild gallops among the beautiful colts† (Barton, 1907: 20). After a relatively common childhood for her time period, marked by particular attention to her education thanks to the influence of brothers and sisters, Clara’s first brush with the field of nursing came as she was helping her brother, David Barton, recover from a fall that had him incapacitated for approximately 2 years (Barton, 1907: 79-88). From this experience, the young girl began moving ever closer to the nursing profession. Following the Battle of Bull Run near the beginning of the Civil War, Barton began her work as a nurse, organizing the collection and distribution of necessary medical supplies and gaining permission to ride behind the lines and in the mobile ambulance wagons to provide medical assistance to wounded soldiers on the field. Her tireless efforts earned her the nickname of ‘Angel of the Battlefield’ and she was eventually appointed the superintendent of nurses in 1861. By 1869, though, she was taking her skills to Europe to help in the Franco-Prussian War. It was in Switzerland that she first learned of the European organization already in existence there called the Red Cross. Although an attempt had already been made to establish a branch in the United States well before Barton went to Europe, this was her first time to hear of it and she spent the rest of her time in Europe learning more about it. When

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

ART - Essay Example This creates a horizontal line that shows stability. On the other hand, the big skull in the middle of the artwork does not only serve as the focus of the piece but it also adds to the height of the structure, giving a sense of balance to the length in proportion to the height. Most of the figures are made from bronze, painted with patina and pigment to create a convincingly natural look especially when seen from afar. The skull as the focal point is not only positioned at the center of the figure but is also exaggerated in size that it is made bigger than the other figures. Comparing the skull to the size of the beheaded red figure or the lion for instance, their sizes are not proportionate to each other although the figures are at almost the same distance from the viewer. This perhaps symbolizes the importance of the skull which probably portrays the farmer or caretaker of the wheat field. The skull looks scary with its eyes colored dark compounded by the dark inscribed lines and d ark disfigured nose in contrast to the lighter shade of its larger part. Such inscribed lines are also vertical and larger in size, giving a more defined contrast to the finer horizontal lines which have high key, showing off white to middle values. The skin on the skull resembles that of a mummified cadaver which is dry and brittle. On the right side of the skull, from the viewer’s point of view, is a dead tree with several branches that makes it look old and beautiful. The branches moving towards different directions add to the beauty of the artwork in general because of the contrast in lines that they depict. Just beside the tree is a polychromatic biomorphic figure of a parrot. The juxtaposition of the skull, tree and bird gives a contrast between death and life. The skull and the dead tree reflect death with their appearances but the color of the bird exudes life. Speaking of colors, the artist used the warm primary colors such as red and yellow as well as the cool prima ry color, blue. Secondary colors such as warm orange and cool green are also used. These contrast the lifeless and dull colors of other figures like the skull and tree. Moreover, the parrot is positioned in such a way that it implies life and movement. The position of its body suggests that it is turned away from the skull but with its head twisted to its side to appear like it is looking at the skull; the bird gives the appearance that it is moving. Towards the right side of the bird is a green amorphous figure holding a yellow pole, another contrasting image using a warm primary color against a cool secondary color. Further on the right side is an anthill with a large egg on top. The amorphous anthill again represents another contrasting element of the artwork considering the its uncertain shape to the spherical shape of the egg. Moreover, the anthill is created in such a manner that has the simulated texture of soil while the egg has an implied texture of the smooth shell of an e gg. Nevertheless, both the anthill and egg are not really monochromatic as they seem at first glance but they actually have different hues which could be noticeable upon careful inspection. On the left side of the focal point are an uncertain image in patina, a mask and a lion. The three images seem to have been deliberately placed where they are to

The Economic in Taiwan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Economic in Taiwan - Essay Example As a result, even in the best case scenario, economic growth in the region will suffer into the second half of 2003. The rising impact of SARS (in line with a rising number of cases) on private consumption, coupled with a lower than expected rise in GDP growth in the first quarter of 2003, has led us to reduce our forecast for economic growth in 2003 as a whole from 3.7% to 3.2%. A stronger recovery in both domestic and external demand will result in GDP growth of 5.4% in 2004. Taiwan is unlikely to face significant inflationary pressures until late 2003 as domestic demand remains sluggish and international inflationary trends continue to be benign. Entry to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in January 2002 has reduced imported inflation and will continue to put downward pressure on prices in the forecast period. Following the US-led war in Iraq, prices on international oil markets have eased. As a result, we expect the consumer price index to rise by an average rate of only 0.3% year on year in 2003. Stronger domestic and international demand for goods and services are expected to revive price pressures in 2004, lifting inflation to an annual average of 1.4%. We expect the CBC to allow the currency to remain weak, mainly in order to maintain the competitiveness of Taiwan's exports against those of Japan and South Korea. However, exports are unlikely to receive a major boost as a result, owing to general weakness in world demand, but the measure will help Taiwan producers to maintain market share. The CBC will allow the New Taiwan dollar to appreciate significantly only once there is sufficient evidence of a sustained recovery in GDP growth. Accordingly, in 2003 the currency will strengthen slightly in line with faster GDP growth late in the year, and as a result, average NT$34.79:US$1. Once the recovery in GDP growth gains momentum in 2004, the currency will appreciate further, to an annual average of NT$34.24:US$1 in 2004. The rate of growth in merchandise exports in US dollar terms has recovered since the second quarter of 2002. However, US demand-- the US is the destination for close to one-quarter of total exports--for Taiwan's exports has remained weak since the beginning of 2003. In addition, some of the year-on-year growth in exports during 2002 reflected base effects of comparison with 2001, when Taiwan's US dollar export earnings suffered double-digit declines. (Chu 79-104) The weak Taiwan dollar policy adopted by the CBC, mainly owing to the weakness of the Japanese yen, will not be enough to strengthen exports significantly. Nevertheless, exports to Asia, in particular China, will continue to provide some stimulus to the country's external sector. Imports have also been rising since mid- 2002. This trend is likely to be interrupted by fragile domestic demand (not helped by SARS) and the loss of momentum in export growth, although import growth is still expected to outpace export growth in 200 3-04. As a result, the

Rene Descarte's Faulty Reliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rene Descarte's Faulty Reliance - Essay Example To rehearse his argument in short: Descartes believes that we cannot at first glance trust our senses, as it is possible that we are being deceived. Those elements of the world outside our own mind (the res extensa) are available for our thought and our perception (res cogitans) but we cannot trust that the reality of what we think we see is in fact what comprises the world around us. We should doubt, radically, such a belief, because for Descartes this gap between the world around us and our knowledge of the world helps to explain why there exists to many different beliefs about the fundamental nature of our existence. Instead, Descartes suggests, we should be satisfied with the knowledge only that we can think, that we can consider, that thing that we call knowledge, and that material we think of as the world. Hence the famous notion of the Cogito, which in somewhat condensed form, suggests that â€Å"I think, therefore I am.† The claim here is not that of a logical operatio n (thinking begets the awareness of existence) but rather that thinking constitutes the one demonstration of existence that our imperfect cognition makes allows. We are imperfect creatures, capable of being aware of our own imperfections. At the same time, though, we are aware of the possibility of perfection. We can think about the ideal, the infinite, the absolute. And yet we do not know these things, we do not experience these things, and we cannot point our fingers in the direction of some object out there in the physical world around us, in order to demonstrate any of these ideal qualities. Imagination, Descartes seems to suggest, simply isn't powerful to make an argument by way of extension, that would imagine perfection or completion from imperfect or incomplete elements. And so, Descartes suggests, our capacity to think – which is our only true capacity and essence – must have some root that explains the nature of perfection. Descartes introduces this argument by way of a rather awkward rhetorical question (93): â€Å"Now, it is manifest by the natural light that there must at least be as much reality in the efficient and total cause as in its effect; for whence can the effect draw its reality if not from its cause? And how could the cause communicate to it this reality unless it possessed it in itself? (93) How could it, indeed? Well, for Descartes, the answer to the question is contained within its premise: if we can understand perfection, there must exist the essence of perfection, and thus we know that God exists. From the act of thinking, then, we know that we exist, and from the act of thinking about the transcendent or the divine, then we know that God exists. These may seem like separate argument claims. Indeed, in the order they are presented, the Cogito appears to pave the way for the subsequent Ontological argument that proves the existence of God. But we need to understand that this is a trick of presentation, not a linear lo gical relationship. In fact it is the other way around, though this doesn't become apparent until Descartes concludes his project, when the debt the Cogito owes to the Ontological argument is revealed. The most telling paragraph is this: ...considering only that God is my creator, it is highly probably that he in some way fashioned me

Nutrition in a pill Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nutrition in a pill - Research Paper Example What they do not seem to care or think of is the undeniable fact that these efficient meals, although economical, have an underlying dangerous effect to their health. Years of depending on these have evidently been affecting many and have consequently caused growing concern about health. Consequently, because of demand and need, many have come up with, yet again, new ideas. Among the most sellable is the use of vitamins, minerals and dietary supplements, but their widespread use has had questions arise. Do they really work? Are their effect really worth the money? When people make the decision to take in supplements as the replacement for the nutritious food they are expected to eat, they begin to lose sight of what supplements and vitamins can never replace: a healthy lifestyle that only proper diet and exercise can give. Yes, although supplements do indeed, at a certain extent, become the solution to specific health problems such as cholesterol or high blood pressure, they simply do not give the same effect as nutritious diet and regular exercise do. Therefore, supplements, vitamins and minerals are not for everyone, are not for most. These only greatly benefit the elderly and those who suffer from specific health conditions and illnesses, not for the majority who eat moderately and exercise regularly. On the September issue of Time Magazine, in its special health and nutrition issue, is an article of five pages that is entitled: â€Å"Nutrition in a Pill?† It features the writer’s journey of taking roughly three thousand dietary supplements for about five months to test if vitamins, minerals and supplements indeed are worth the thousand dollars they cost, and the results it has brought about. Summarizing the results of John Cloud’s five-month journey is in an article in Science-Based Magazine. â€Å"Only two measurements changed significantly: his vitamin D level†¦ and his HDL level†¦ He felt better on the supplements, but he attributed that to placebo

Person- Centred counselling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Person- Centred counselling - Essay Example This long-standing focus on the importance of the relationship between the client and the practitioner paved the way for the development of Roger’s person-centred therapy. Much of Roger’s work on his person-centred approach is heavily based in his beginnings as a psychotherapist, arguing that each individual possesses the powers of self-knowledge and self-healing within themselves, and they can utilise these resources to promote personality development and change. Rogers posits that a person benefits from their self-directive processes, as they enable greater self-differentiation and promote better self-understanding, self-regulation and acceptance. A key term integral to the person-centred approach is the notion of ‘actualising tendency’, which explains an individual’s motivation to realise and enhance their inherent potential (Witty, 2007).While person-centred therapy places the burden of change and improvement upon the client, it is the therapistà ¢â‚¬â„¢s job to provide an environment consisting of three necessary and sufficient conditions for change, which are conducive to the client’s improvement (Worsley, 2002). These integral conditions are congruence, empathetic understanding, and unconditional positive regard (Witty, 2007). In the recent past the person-centred therapy has faced numerous drawbacks as many people have criticized it of emphasising on the trustworthiness of the human organism as too optimistic even naà ¯ve. (Worsley, 2002).  

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example The industry sectors evaluated in this essay are ethical pharmaceutical companies, generic manufacturers, and biotechs. The pharmaceutical industry The global pharmaceutical industry faces significant twist in the twentieth century due to varying changes in the business environment. Holland is right, unmet medical needs, innovation and globalisation are critical driving forces of the industry. This is agreed by various researches, studies and evidences aiming to create assessment of the global pharmaceutical industry (Bianchi et al., 2011; Shah et al., 2009; Schmid and Smith, 2007). The next point is to evaluate whether these forces are what drive in each industry sector. The ethical pharmaceutical companies are broader since their products cover conventional pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceutical agents and vaccines and over the counter medicines. As a result, Holland points out that the key strategic capabilities of these companies are Research and Development and Sales and Marketing. Boone and Kurtz (2006) emphasize that companies which focus on these activities are dynamic at creating a need for their service or product offerings. This implies that the ethical pharmaceutical sector is somewhere between growth and maturity level in the industry life cycle while very particular at meeting unmet medical needs, innovation and globalisation. In fact, production and outsourcing are another two essential focus of this sector just to cover a wide range of geographic market coverage (Holland, 2010). The generic manufacturers on the other hand among any other concerns are particular with accessing new technologies so as to reach markets with untapped potentials (Holland, 2010). Regarding this, the said sector is invariably looking forward to achieve manufacturing and distribution efficiency. Manufacturing and distribution are broader in context, but they are also associated with growth and development (Kruger, 2006). The generic manufacturer sector is also dynamic as it tries to continually search for markets with untapped potentials and even attentive with patent concerns. Again, companies with this level of thinking cannot just simply skip the need to innovate, create or meet needs and be influenced by the global business force (Boone and Kurtz, 2006). The sector for generic manufacturer is somewhere between growth and maturity level in the industry life cycle. Finally, the sector for small biotechnology start-ups or biotechs like the previous sectors are also concerned with meeting needs, marketing concerns, but above all financial restructuring due to long-product development, so it would take time to realise profitability (Holland, 2010). Distribution of its product to market seems to be the primary concern of this sector. Thus, time is the essential contributing factor why for instance this sector embraces merger or acquisition (Holland, 2010). In the 21st century, this issue is a global concern that drives major businesses, not only to innov ate possibilities but gain market share by creating or meeting needs (Boone and Kurtz, 2006). Due to its restructuring activity, this sector is still primary moving forward to a growth level in the industry life cycle stage. Conclusion It is clear that unmet medical needs, innovation and time to market, and globalisation are essential forces that definitely move the different sector in the pharmaceutical industry. Even though only one

Dance Paper Essay Example for Free

Dance Paper Essay Irish step dancing has existed since the 1700’s, over 300 years. Families in Ireland have passed down Irish step dance from generation to generation as a way of preserving their culture. While the meaning of the dance remains the same, the performance and showmanship has changed dramatically. From girls and boys with pale skin and natural hair to girls with fake tanned skin, huge curly wigs, and thousand dollar dresses and boys with fake tanned skin and outlandish outfits. Irish dance has become more of a spectacle—such as â€Å"Riverdance† and â€Å"Lord of the Dance. † Those dances are some of the most enjoyable and respected around the world. Over time this type of dance has taken on a life of its own and changed from traditional to modern. Despite the changes, however, this dance has clung to the meaning and history behind each intense movement keeping the tradition alive. Irish dance has such a strong response from those who are a part of the audience, teaching or dancing. It is so enthralling that in many ways it is sweeping the nations. Through schools where former dancers will teach the new comers and relay the traditions so they wont be lost in the past. This longing has guided the way for many dance schools throughout the world. The diversity of schools and teachers has lead to a more unique kind of dance. The different styles of the teachers and culture bleed through the movements and the school become products for that certain style of movement. On top of the teachers’ styles, every dancer over time creates a rare technique that melds as a whole with the impression of Irish dance. The fact that the dance is so out there and unique has given it a form of popularity in this century. Numerous people have taken the dance and attempted to improve it with modern aspects. Their efforts are to take the traditional aspect of the dance and form it to coincided with the time period in society. In the past this has been done by interest the dance into limelight. Taking methods of the dance or stick with the traditional movements and showing them in a way that would be more interesting to the public. Which is what was done with Riverdance and Lord of the Dance, which take the form of the dance and use it for a dramatic necessity. There are various parts of Irish dance that have lasted throughout the years to remain an influence on the form known today. These basics have laid the foundation on which the dance has grown. Performed mainly during festivals, which date from the period of Eric the Red and the Viking raids of Ireland. While the Vikings did destroyed most books and written records, it was acknowledged that music and dance were important to the Gaelic culture. These festivals were a mixture of trade fair, political gathering, music, dance, sports, story telling and crafts. Today, the sole purposes of feiseanna are competitive dance competitions. There is still music, crafts, and trades, not as much. Officially there is no political aspect to the festivals anymore, many who participate would tell you otherwise. The reason that the traditional dance has remained apart of the world is because of the teachers and students. But in order to dance the students required movements, steps, and music to put them to. The dance masters—teachers of the 18th and 19th centuries—all had the same original dance steps, while they invented their own steps on top the original ones. There are two different roots, which made two forms of dance: step dancing—from a structural origin and ceili dancing—from a traditional origin. There are four types of Irish music and dances that compose the step dance: jig, the set dances, reel, and hornpipe. All of these dances are more elaborate than ceili and require more teaching. A ceili is a gathering for music and dance—danced mainly for enjoyment and entertainment not competition. It represents an informal tradition of dance that is generally common among people since prehistory. Ceili dances are danced in big groups and are pretty easy to learn. These basics of the dance have been changed in order to modernize it according to the present. The modern history of Irish dance began in 1893 when the Gaelic League was founded. This league was made to support the rebirth of Irish culture. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, â€Å"dance masters† trained dancers. The dance masters were all male and traveled from town to town-teaching dance along with other life skills that applied at the time. Dance masters formed both the set and ceili dances, as well as the first schools of Irish dance. Now teachers are both women and men and are paid for their services through their respective dance schools. During the period of the dance masters, stages were much smaller. As the art of Irish dance grew larger, the dancing was effected and the movement of dancers across a stage increased. Now judges will mark dancers down point if said dancer doesn’t move around the stage enough. Where the dancing took place changed too the outdoors to hotels or schools. In the 20th century, complex steps are evident in the new style of dance. Teachers continuously try one another by adding in new movement to every routine—including, in some cases, gymnastics moves. These characteristics along with others allow the traditional dance to explore, evolve, and change into a more modern version of what it was. Irish dancing is a beautiful dance and art that despite being suppressed has risen about to mix with the modern culture creating an influential dance widely popular throughout the world. The feeling by the teachers, dancers, and audience around the world has lead to the dance’s modernization that has improved the dance by creating new steps and movement to add to the traditional ones. Irish dance that has a presence you cannot ignore and with any luck will continue to evolve to withstand the course of time, entertaining whom ever is lucky enough to bare witness to this marvelous dance. Bibliography 1. Brennan, Helen. The Story of Irish Dance. Dingle, Co. Kerry, Ireland: Brandon, 1999. Print. 2. Hall, Frank. Competitive Irish Dance: Art, Sport, Duty. Madison, WI : Macater Press, 2008. Print. 3. â€Å"The History of Irish Dance. † Irelandseye. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 7 April. 2012. 4. Cipollo, Kaelyn. â€Å"Irish Step Dancing. † Historical Boys’ Clothing. N. p. , 10 May. 1998. Web. 7 April. 2012.

Canters Behavior Essay Example for Free

Canters Behavior Essay Dylan is a five year old boy that from the very start showed disruptive behavior frequently throughout the classroom. Dylan’s teacher has well- documented his actions and she has asked the administrators of the school for support, plus she has also referred Dylan to have a behavioral evaluation. The teacher has spoken with Dylan’s parents on many occasions and they say his behavior was the same at home. Dylan’s parents also stated that his disruptive behavior was his way of seeking attention. During this time Dylan’s behavior is generally getting more and more disruptive and aggressive. With the teacher’s observation logs, Dylan’s is having a rough time playing along with other children and is having a difficult time following directions. Just about every day Dylan is hitting, yelling, or is taking things away from the other children’s hands to get the teacher to come over and see what is wrong. Many of the children have made the decision to ignore him or to just move in another direction away from him. With his academic skills he is far more behind than the other students in class. Dylan has the knowledge to finish the activities, but he is rarely in the mood to do so. Sometimes the issues begin when the teacher starts giving everyone there assignment and is working quietly, that’s when Dylan’s behavior really goes through the roof, and when he is told what to do about his behavior. While the disruptive behavior remains the teacher’s patience with Dylan starts to run very thin and begins to call out to every unacceptable behavior that he shows. These actions start to have a negative influence on the attitudes of the remaining students. Most of students start to mimic Dylan’s actions while the others students are not finishing their work. This can result in the teacher needing to spend a lot of time having to deal with Dylan’s behavior and not having enough time with to teach. Teachers have many avenues to teach students successfully and professionally take care of unacceptable behaviors. One step would be to use the Canter’s Behavior Management Cycle, into effect (Canters 2006). Canter has three steps; first, effectively communicating explicit directions, second, using behavior narration and third, taking corrective action. When starting to use Canters’ cycle teachers will need to take the time to use two very important methods at the start of the school year this is going to help minimize disruptive behaviors. One, creates lessons on appropriate behavior for specific parts of the school day, activities, and transitions (Canters p. 31) and second creates a, â€Å"Responsible Behavior Curriculum,† for the first two weeks of the school year (Canters chap. ). This curriculum will set the tone of the class for introducing what is acceptable with appropriate behaviors, and that they are expected to follow the rules from students throughout the school day. Teachers should start with Canters’ behavioral cycle; Dylan’s teacher needs to start with the first step. The first step will need to that the teacher to communicate clear, specific and detailed directions. The directions are being given to Dylan and he is to follow them precise. When giving directions they need to be quite clear and on point at all costs. The teacher needs to always evade being unclear to the students, if they know what is expected of them they will follow. The teacher’s directions should contain precisely how the students are to conduct themselves in the classroom. Explicit directions should include the, â€Å"expectations for student verbal behavior, physical movement, and participation† (Canters p. 53). The teacher needs to never make the mistakes of assuming what the students know, what the expectations of their behavior is, and the teacher should always recall the students on a daily basis what is expected of them. The teacher has to have a firm grip on effective communication while having detailed directions, she can continue on to the next important step. This step involves using â€Å"Behavioral Narration† (Chapter 9), which is how the teacher will positively motivate Dylan to follow directions. One way of achieving this is to give Dylan and the class as a whole effective positive feedback (Canters p. 58). When giving detailed directions, the teacher should look to notice which student within seconds of giving the directions to see who is really following the directions that were given. The teacher needs to point out who is listening to the directions and how the students are following the directions. At the moment when Dylan is being difficult the teacher does not need to focus on giving Dylan more attention, but try to focus on the students who are listening and making good choices. When trying to change the unwanted behavior the teacher needs to try to use the behavioral narration, which will allow the teacher to repeat the rules and define the acceptable behavior of students who are making good choices. This will show the students their teacher is mindful of the actions that are taking place and is more than ready to fix any problems that may arise. When the teacher acknowledges the acceptable behaviors and recaps the directions it sets a wonderful start and a positive atmosphere in the room. The class will be regularly recalled on what is expected from their behavior, students are expected to follow the rules, students who were not able to receive or finish their assignment will have time to finish and catch up with the rest of the class. Students will be given a chance to have time to catch up when needing be. With this step it can go the extra mile by setting up an award-system in place. For example, when the directions are given the teacher notices Dylan is sitting where his seat is and he is working on the assignment that was given to him, then the teacher would say to his friends, â€Å"Look at Dylan he is sitting at his seat and is working on his assignment so nicely I am going to have to give Dylan his extra class point that he earned in class. Ultimately this will inspire Dylan to have more acceptable behaviors and the other students to strive for the goals that are set up for the students to obtain. The last action of the cycle is corrective action taken (Chap. 10). When the direct instructions have been given out, looking to observe the group for ten seconds, reports were made on students that are on the right track, and when Dylan is not following directions; then you must use the corrective action. This is done by directive verbal statements or disciplinary consequences (Canters p. 9). The teacher needs to peacefully reaffirm the instructions and notify the students of their penalties and what their actions have caused. This can also let Dylan and the entire class knows and understands that you are very serious about bringing an end to unacceptable behavior. Students need to know, understand, and be aware of the effects for disrupting the class and just making unacceptable choices. When the unacceptable behavior remains untouched the procedure needs to be shadowed with the corresponding reaction. Every time a student shows a disruptive behavior it should be dealt with immediately and that the penalties produced is entirely from the student’s actions. In order for students to learn the rules must be enforced. Students have to have structure so they can flourish, they need to know what is expected of them on day one. Once a child knows that they cannot get away with disruptive behavior they will tend to not want to misbehave. If there is a reward system they will definitely want to have a reward at the end of the day or week. Consistency is the key to keeping students where they need to be in order to have peace in the room.

Communication and Inter-professional Work in Nursing

Communication and Inter-professional Work in Nursing Discuss how communication within an inter-professional team could affect collaborative working. WORD COUNTS: 1650 Introduction The aim of this essay is to discuss the concept of communication within Interprofessional team, critically analysing how this could affect collaborative working and with meticulous attention given to two key points; effective communication in terms of verbal, non-verbal and active listening and the development of mutual trust and respect. It will endeavour to critically examine the impact these key points and the impact they have on the dynamics of collaborative working. It will also seek to explore strategies that may be used to facilitate effective communication and collaboration between professionals. Modern healthcare is becoming ever complex due to the aging population, diverse range of co-morbidities and increasing expectations of health service quality and safety (World Health Organisation, 2011). Hence, there is exerting growing pressure on health and social care providers to deliver care that is effective thus to meet these demands. Pollard, Thomas and Miers (2010) advocates that in order for health and social care professionals to be able to cope with these demand, they have to work together as a team. For instance, during the hospital stay of a patient , they may encounter numerous professionals from diverse disciplines such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, dieticians, physiotherapists, social workers and many more depending on the patient’s needs, therefore, professionals will need to collaborate together efficiently as a team. Collaboration requires professionals from different disciplines in health and social care to work together as a team by sharing of knowledge, ideas, expertise, resources and responsibility in order to tackle the most difficult health and social care issues and make effective clinical decisions regarding a patient’s care (ref). In turn, collaboration also ensures consistency in quality care for their patients, subsequently, improves services and outcomes (Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2015). However, for this to occur, effective communication is needed for a successful collaboration to be achieved (Brock et al., 2013) which is in line with the 6 C’s of care as highlighted in the Department of Health (2015) guideline. . In agreement, O’Daniel Rosenstein (2008) insist that communication forms the backbone of collaborative working and when lacking or incompetent compromises a cohesive collaborative team. Wood (2004) defines communication as â€Å"a systemic process in which individuals interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings† (p.9). Nemeth (2008) affirms that for communication to transpire between individuals it has to be effective and not the mere fact of interaction, as effective communication entails the transmission of information uninterrupted that results to understanding. Effective communication is argued, the key ingredient for the successfulness of interprofessional collaborative working within health and social care (NHS Commissioning Board, 2013). Hargestam, Lindkvist, Brulin, Jacobsson and Hultin (2013) further emphasised that communication is the key factor for the prerequisite for the team’s structure, collaboration and task performance. Alfredsottir and Bjornsdottir (2008) put forth the notion that where there is effective communication within a team, there is also good clinical outcomes. Kenny (2002) also suggests that positive collaboration alongside effective communication ensures sufficient sharing of valuable experience and expertise, thus, enhances levels of job satisfaction. In support, Almost et al. (2015) review of positive and negative behaviours in workplace relationships among healthcare members found that improved communication and teamwork reduces stress, increases job satisfaction and work performance in turn enhances communication between team members. Jerry (2011) ascertains that there are two major components of communication used within health and social care; verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication involves professionals meeting face-to-face in the form of meetings or over the telephone which are one of the most common and preferred way of communication. This allows sharing of knowledge and skills, generating common narrative that draws team together. Jerry (2011) further illustrates that during this phase of communication, members should speak clearly and directly in a succinct manner while drawing from their own knowledge, warranting free flowing and efficient information thus avoiding errors of miscommunication and confusion. On reflection during MDT meetings in clinical placement, each member was given the opportunity to make critical points that endorsed other members to bring in ideas and make sound decisions. Browning and Waite (2010) however acknowledge that active listening plays a major role in verba l communication as it is the pedigree for a successful interaction, hence sustaining collaborative working among healthcare professional. Burnard and Gill (2013) further declares that how well professionals communicate is also dependent on non-verbal communication such as written notes, care plans, letters, maintaining of eye contact during meetings as they are key factors that enhances or detracts from the way professionals communicate. Fiske (2011) stresses that where there is lack of listening skills or clarity of information being transmitted, this often leads to potential conflicts and confusion to arise as a result of ambiguity or reception of message not being fully understood or misinterpreted. (ref) supports this stating that, when there is breakdown in communication, it hinders the efficiency and leads to insufficient information, ambiguous and unclear information being exchanged between professionals, consequently jeopardising the dynamics of collaboration. In their qualitative study of multidisciplinary communication at ward board rounds, Hellier et al. (2015) found that ineffective communication amongst he althcare professionals correlates with lack of appropriate information being available, conclusions often not reached and decisions of patients often deferred. A study by Wu et al (2012) suggests that, where discrepancies in the flow of information between professional were found to lead to misunderstandings and frustrations among healthcare teams which meant communication and cohesion barriers were formed (Burnard Gill, 2013). O’Daniel and Rosenstein (2008) further accentuate that barriers to effective communication may be due to members from different profession having varied behaviour and language affiliation part due to training, therefore, sets up the potential for miscommunication. Hence, Lingard (2012) advocates that poor communication shapes events that impact on professional working and patients downstream. Nonetheless, Wu et al. (2012) stated that when there is strong communication within a team, professionals are adequately informed as all members of a team are kept updated as they are in the loop of the information they need, hence a standardised common inter-professional language is established (Reeves, Lewin, Espin Zwarenstein, 2010). All the same, there is an array of literatures and cases that shows that communication and collaboration does not always occur in clinical practice. The Joint Commission (2010) found that an estimated 80% of serious preventable adverse events stems from miscommunication between caregivers. The detrimental effects of communication deficiency between professionals were evident in the Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust report (Francis, 2013). Central to the analysis of the Francis (2013) report was the evidence of egregious failings of communication between health professionals and organisations. The report showed that the quality of information exchange was often poor or failed to be passed on between hospitals, thereby affecting the way professionals interacted, delivery of services and patient care (Zwarenstein, Goldman Reeves, 2009). Devastating cases such as this illustrates the necessity of optimising communication among Interprofessional teams. Kenny (2002) illustrates that effective communication is the platform that creates transparency, encouraging professionals to develop trust, respect and form good working relationships where communication becomes more open and effective (Burnard Gill, 2013). This is in conjunction with McDonald, Jayasuriya and Harris (2012) qualitative findings of the influence of power dynamics and trust on multidisciplinary collaboration of diverse health professionals. Findings suggest that when effective communication is established especially through shared experience, technical skills and competence, opportunities for professional to rapport, gain mutual respect and trust is developed, thereby, forming alliance among professionals that facilitate cooperation. Result of the thematic analysis correlates with the author’s own experience observed in the classroom during Interprofessional education (IPE), as the author was able to work efficiently and show mutual respects to other students from other health educational sector such as pharmacy, child nursing and mental health nursing once effective communication had been established (Keller, Eggenberger ,Belkowitz, Sarsekeyeva Zito, 2013). This ensured that task sets out by the lecturer were achieved as everyone took turn to contribute and allowed ideas and decisions to be rigorously debated. Dixon-Woods et al. (2013) qualitative findings of culture and behaviour in the English National Health Service (NHS) among physicians, nurses and administrators accentuated that where there was lack of trust and mutual respect this led to lack of support, appreciation of individual professional expertise. Findings also showed that some professionals were not being consulted or listened to which cre ated conflicts, disagreement and miscommunication (Leonard, Graham Bonacum, 2004). The trustworthiness and reliability of the findings within the study is questionable as the researchers failed to provide full details of the methods used to collect data. However, findings was consistent with that of Ferlie and Shortell (2001) study which showed that where there was lack of trust and mutual respect between health professionals, there was deterrent to quality improvement work and on how well they communicated. O’Daniel and Rosenstein (2008) maintain that barriers to communication that affects collaboration between health professionals can be bridged by the use of a standardised communication stool. NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement (2012) recommended that healthcare professionals implement a standardised approach to communicate such as the use of SBAR to make certain that information shared is structured by being concise and focused to maintain consistency of high quality of care. Randmaa, Mà ¥rtensson, Swenne and Engstrà ¶m (2013) prospective intervention study identified that SBAR improves communication between healthcare professionals, a proportion of incidents report due to communication errors decreasing from 31% to 11%. The study also highlighted that the tool sets out expectations between health professionals of how they should communicate. In terms of the limitation of this study, participants were not chosen at random which questions the study’s reliabil ity. Conclusion Evidence gathered suggests that effective communication and collaboration is imperative and should be used in correlation impetuously by professionals, thus to foster high quality care and promote practice to the highest calibre. 1 | Page

Theories of Motivation Essay -- Management Employee Motivation

Theories of Motivation According to Greenberg (1999) motivation is defined "as a process of arousing, directing and maintaining behaviour towards a goal." Where ‘directing' refers to the selection of a particular behaviour; and ‘maintenance' refers to the inclination to behave with consistency in that manner until the desired outcome is met. Motivation is therefore the force that transforms and uplifts people to be productive and perform in their jobs. Maximising an employee's motivation is necessary and vital to successfully accomplish the organisation's objectives and targets. However this is a considerable challenge to any organisation's managers, due to the complexity of motivation and the fact that there is no ready made solution or an answer to what motivates people to work well (Mullins, 2002). It is my intention in this essay to explore some issues around motivation and cite work based experiences to illustrate and substantiate any arguments or points of view. Main Body Mullins (2002) classifies motivation into Intrinsic and Extrinsic types. Intrinsic motivation involves psychological rewards to enhance job satisfaction, such as the opportunity to use one's ability, a sense of achievement, receiving appreciation and positive recognition or being treated in a considerate manner (Mullins, 2002:P490). Such methods ensure employees are constantly motivated while being engaged in activities that are enjoyable and rewarding. I was formerly employed by a supplier of automobile parts where in addition to using compensation as a means of motivation; they too were dedicated in ensuring their employees had maximum job satisfaction. This was achieved by giving autonomy in their job functions and assigning significa... ...its employees. In today's complex business environment; traditional approaches like monetary incentives are not the only prime motivators. In addition to expecting financial incentives for their performance, employee's expectations are much more. Appreciation, recognition and opportunities for personal growth; must be catered for to harness maximum productivity. Furthermore in an era where change is imperative for the organisation's survival, highly motivated employees, represent flexibility and show willing to change; a vital component for the success of any organisation. References Greenberg, J. (1999) Managing behaviour in organisations, Prentice Hall. Mullins, L (2002) Management and organisational behaviour, Prentice Hall FT Benabou, R. & Tirole, J. (2003) ‘Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation', The Review of Economic Studies, vol.70, pg.489-520.

Self-Esteem Essay -- Self Image Self-Perception Theory Essays

As people’s outcomes in life depend heavily on how others perceive and evaluate them, they are motivated to convey certain impressions of themselves to others and to refrain from conveying other, undesired impressions. Thus, no matter what else they may be doing, people typically monitor and control their impressions, i.e. a process known as: self-presentation. A great deal of human behaviour is, in part, determined or constrained by people’s concerns with others’ impressions and evaluations of them. Because all human beings are different from one another, the thought process used which results in the self-presentation of a person will also differ from person to person. In this case the potential factor effecting the self-presentation of an individual is that of the self-esteem of the individual. Self–esteem being: â€Å" An affective component of the self, consisting of a persons’ positive and negative self-evaluations.† (Brehm, 1999). Although most people have high self-esteem, there are various ways in which self-esteem can be measured; for example when someone is referring to a persons condition at a specific moment in time it is referred to as a â€Å"state†. If the condition is something which is an average over a period of time it is known as a â€Å"trait†. Someone who has low self-esteem as a trait is considered to be worse off than a person who is in a state of low self-esteem. Low self esteem is though to have several side affects, both mental and physical which inevitably affect the self-presentation of a person. Low self esteem can lead onto other ailments of negativity such as: anxiety and depression. Once low self-esteem sets into a person it triggers off a self-defeating cycle in which negative expectations impair performance, which in turn reinforces low self-esteem. This cycle is known as: â€Å"The Vicious Cycle of Low Self-Esteem† (Brehm, 1999). On the contrary from people with low self-esteem, people with high self-esteem tend to have a much better quality of life and are happier within themselves, healthier, more productive and successful which all reflects on their self-presentation: â€Å"People high in self-esteem are confident and bring to new challenges a winning and motivating attitude. In contrast, people low in self-esteem lack confidence and bring to new tasks a losing attitude that traps them in a vicious, self def... ... role of a job candidate. In the third experiment, students instructed to be self-enhancing in an interview subsequently showed elevated self-esteem (unless their interview behaviour was prescribed by the experimenter and thus not self-referring). Students who were instructed to be self-deprecating subsequently showed lowered self-esteem if they had been given a clear choice as to whether to engage in the interview. It was concluded that self-perception theory can account for self-enhancing carry-over, whereas dissonance theory offers a more appropriate explanation for the carry-over or internalisation of self-deprecating actions. If the question were to be asked if self-esteem and self-presentation were related, then the answer to that question would undoubtedly be yes. It is interesting to explore the avenues down which the two go hand in hand, as there are many aspects of human behaviour which could be as a result of self-esteem. It is something that determines the quality of life for human-beings. One’s self-presentation is undoubtedly something that reflects, to the outside world, someone’s inner most feelings, be they happiness and contention or sadness and despair.

The Recall of Firestone Tires Essay -- Firestone Tires Retail Automobi

The Recall of Firestone Tires Mission Statement: The Firestone Company is committed to being a good corporate citizen nationally, regionally and especially in the communities where we have manufacturing plants, sales facilities or offices. Our corporate philosophy is to build not just better products, but better communities. Firestone traces their roots to the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company in 1900. Harvey S. Firestone started tire production with twelve employees in Akron, Ohio. In Japan during 1931, Shojiro Ishibashi created the Bridgestone Tire Company. Bridgestone is proud to carry on the blending of Japanese and American methods to provide quality products. Their philosophy is to serve society with superior quality and best today but still better tomorrow. In August 2000, there was a recall of Bridgestone/Firestone tires. The company recalled its 15 inch ATX and ATX II tires, plus 15 inch Wilderness AT tires. The recall involved more than six million tires. A federal investigation found at least 88 deaths and more than 300 accidents involving Bridgestone/Firestone tires that had shredded on the highway. The majority of the accidents held the same situation of the driver maintaining a speed of 65 miles per hour, the tires shredded and the rubber peeled away from the rim. Most of the tire failures involved Ford Explorer sport utility vehicles. These accidents occurred after tire treads peeled off, causing tires to burst and malfunction then drivers lost control of their vehicles which resulted in crashes and turnovers. The tires involved are made up of many different materials layered around an inner shell. The outermost layer is the tread, which covers two layers of steel cords. This tire recall was the second largest in history; i t also raised a significant social responsibility and ethical issues for both Ford and Bridgestone/Firestone companies. Firestone's last major tire recall nearly bankrupted the company in 1978, and led to its acquisition by Japanese-based Bridgestone. As with the recall announced, it involved abnormally high tread separation, resulting in accidents and deaths. Most of the tires involved in the recall were produced at Firestone's Decatur, Illinois plant. Poor quality was named as one of the main causes of the failures, and many proposals were advanced to strengthen and update regulatory procedures. ... ...dgestone/Firestone executive says complaints didn't reach him. from the World Wide Web: http://www.cnn.com/ Public Citizen. (2001, Jan. 4). Ford, Firestone officials took narrow view when recalling tires, ignoring key data while admitting tires lacked strength. from the World Wide Web: http://www.citizen.org/fireweb/firereport.htm Public Citizen & Safetyforum.com. (2001, Jan. 4). Spinning their wheels: How Ford and Firestone fail to justify the limited tire recall. from the World Wide Web: http://www.citizen.org/Press/pr-auto25.htm Ross, S. (2000, Nov. 1). Tire-safety law signed. from the World Wide Web: http://more.abcnews.go.com/sections/us/dailynews/clinton-tires001101.htm. Schaefer, G. (2000, December 20). Wheeling and dealing: Bridgestone admits some blame for deadly tire failures. from the World Wide Web: http://more.abcnews.go.com/sections/us/dailynews/tires001220.htm. Sears stops selling Bridgestone/Firestone tires under probe in crashes. (2000, Aug. 4). from the World Wide Web: http://www.cnn.com/ Valenti, C. (2000, September 5). What cost recalls? from the World Wide Web: http://abcnews.go.com/sections/business/TheStreet/firestonetire_recall000905.htm.

Case About Retrotonics Essay

1)This case is about Retrotonics, a medium size Australian company which design and sells a small range of innovative high-tech building equipment in Sydney and its management problems that have caused by Tom Masters, the General Manager. First of all, the article shows that Masters’ autocratic management style is not applicable. Masters only concerns on cutting costs and expanding the product line but ignores the feeling of the staff members. The other problem is Master unable to delegate because he interferes too much works that should be done by line manager. For example, Masters has made decisions about process for engineering staff members to follow. Masters just do what he likes to do without considering other people feeling. For example, Masters exerts pressure on engineering staff members to do things faster to develop a new model of telescopic handler in order to complete in three months time. Moreover, Masters does not discuss with James and Imakito before making decisions about processes which they feel is unworkable and impractical. Masters should be able to communicate his organization’s aims and objectives clearly and motivate his staff members. Nevertheless, Masters yells at Lee in front of the staff members, threatens by hiring new staff, refuses to listen other people suggestion and insists on having monthly meeting. 2)It is recommended that Masters adopt democratic management style to manage his different staff members. There is lack of communication between Masters, Lee and Imakito. Through democratic leadership style, it is encouraged two-way flow of information provides managers with feedback and includes workers in the decision-making process. Staff members are allowed to share their own opinions or suggestions and Masters will seriously take into consideration the worker’s comment before making informed decisions from a number of alternatives. (Hickey et al, 2005 , pp.27-31) Furthermore, Masters should have the ability to create a friendly work environment that generates better communication between workers and management so that Masters can encouraged to work as a team by interacting and coordinating their work regularly to achieve common goal. of the staff members. 3) According to motivation theories, motivation can be a major factor that determines whether a worker achieves the required task objective. Masters should use appropriate motivators in order to influence individuals to achieve higher productivity and satisfy the need of individuals. To motivate staff members, hygiene factors and Motivators should both be considered. This article shows that the two department of staff members is at a high dissatisfaction level. According to Maslow, individuals satisfied with their jobs were associated with job content so it is encouraged that Masters should provide these factor to inspire the staff in Retrotonics. Hence, Masters should use motivators to promote satisfaction, such as achievement, responsibility and recognition. This will improve the morale of the entire department and the followers are willing to work hard for the company.

American Dream In the 1920s Essay

In the twenties, many Ameri sights were trying to achieve the nonorious American Dream. The romance was to be rich, successful, happy, and one and yet(a) of the social elites. However, even though this was the ambitiousness for Americans in the 1920s, the ecu manpowerical standard has changed oer the years into the present time. Since the 1920s, the fancying of putting a eminent emphasis on an individualistic and materialistic life has evolved into a present day dream of works hard, stand firming a well-paying conjecture, and heave a family. The 1920s was an era of aggravated social and honourable value, as sh accept by its increased hobbyhorse of enjoyment. When being War I stop in 1918, the young Americans who had fought the war became deeply disillusioned, as the battles that they had ripe fought in make the Victorian social morality of the beforehand(predicate) 1920s seem like hypocrisy.This caused those that had fought in the war to not cargon as much abo ut upholding conventional ethical motive. Also, since World War I was the war to stop all wars, Americans were quite optimistic during the 1920s. The errant satis situationion that led to self-indulgent parties and dead f ar music resulted ultimately in the corruption of the American dream, as the abandoned desire for plea veritable exceeded other, less key goals. Americans pursuit of pleasure in the 1920s resulted ultimately in a decline in values. Many of the values of nows dream are correspondent to those of the 1920s. The dream at present does consist of pleasure and happiness. However, the dream of the 1920s was to put a much stronger emphasis on it than forthwiths dream does. The values and morals immediately are also more than than widely accepted by the general public. An example of this is women wearing bathing suits to a public beach. In the 1920s, it was bad becoming that those bathing suits were even the least speckle revealing.Today, however, it is perfe ctly acceptable for women to wear bikinis to a public beach, which are much more revealing than those of the 1920s. This is because the standard has gradually changed eachplace time. Many of the values of the 1920s were highly refreshing and deviated from the norm greatly. The new values crashed right into the 1920s with the emergence of the flapper, a new generation of women who bobbed their hair, wore short skirts, and listened to jazz music. large number had no time to admit to these values. On the other hand, the values of the ultra modern-day American dream were gradually incorporated. Americans now have been around these values presbyopic enough that they are now given to them. During the 1920s, family life was both similar and disparate than it is now. Advancements in industrial production and engine room enabled ordinary Americans to acquire what once had been undoable luxuries, such as automobiles.These luxuries that were part of insouciant family life in the 1 920s are still part of the dream today. thither are, however, differences between family life of the 1920s and modern family life. In the 1920s, husbands were the breadwinners for their families. While the men were at work, their wives cooked, cleaned, and run acrossed after the home. Wives also did most of the raising of the children. Women in the 1920s did hold jobs, only if that was something more for young, single women. Married women typically did not obtain a job because it would cause them to take their focus cancelled of taking care of their family. The dream today is that both men and women perform commensurate shares of raising the family. quite of just the men holding jobs, women also hold jobs today. Instead of just the women caring for the home and children, men also take part.Through these efforts, Americans can hope to achieve the part of the dream of raising a family. Throughout the 1920s, Americans went on a spending spree. The rise of the pipeline market led to a jerky increase in the national wealth and created a society full of materialism. People began to consume and spend more than ever, and they had the opinion that bills and popularity would solve everything. A person from any social background could, potentially, polish off a fortune. Speculators and industrialists who achieved the American dream in the 1920s of crapting rich were labelled the new coin. The aristocracy disliked the new money. The so-called old money, families that had always had money that was passed down from generation to generation, felt that the get rich quick ways of earning money were not as fulfilling as the traditional ways.Today, money is valued differently than it was in the 1920s. The dream is not centered so much around money as it used to be. Yes, money is still just as important, but the great unwashed forthwith keep other goals in thinker other than just earning money. The dream today consists of having a job that pays well and that is en joyable, not just a job that only pays well. Another part of the American dream that women had in the 1920s was equal rights with men. The confirmation of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, which allowed women the right to vote, helped them take after even closer to having equal rights with men. In the dream today, women seem to not be as concerned about womens rights as they did in the 1920s.This is due to the fact that most of the work that needed to be done has already been done, such as the womens rights movement and the ratification of the ordinal amendment. Today, on average, women earn 77 cents for every dollar that men earn. Women still hold far less ownership, CEO, and other high positions within companies than men. These two facts are induction that work still remains in the struggle for equal rights for women. However, women definitely came a long way and it is only a matter of time before they are equal with men, for most of the work has already been done.In the 1920s , there seems to have been an American dream that everyone was trying to achieve. Many people looked and some still do look toward this as a model for their own individual American dreams. However, even though this might have been the dream for many Americans in the 1920s, the general standard sure has changed over the years into the present time. Since the 1920s, the dream of putting a high emphasis on materialistic life has evolved into a present day dream of working hard, holding a well-paying job, and raising a family.

Perception and reality of technology

When you are not conscious of it, the clear understanding occurs.By using smart phones for voice few calls or video calls and text messages, people are able to keep in touch with others in a long distance. Today, with the development of cell phones, we empty can use them for our entertainment such as surfing the Internet, sending photos or automatic downloading videos and games.Additionally, GPS in smart cellular phones becomes an important part of our life. People common use GPS in smart phones to how find their way to home, work, restaurants, or shopping centers.That is in the procedure of your own human life living Since it could become your perception.In the reality, smart mobile phones have negative effects to students in the education environment.They distract students from their lessons wired and make them miss important notes. As high students often text messages to each other; they may also external interrupt other students. Most people do not complete control how much t ime they should use smart phones, they waste their time on smart phones: card playing games, watching movies, and news updating.

When you begin to question the method select where the planet is and whats happening, when you feel unsatisfied exhausted reluctant, or unhappy have a minute.Next, in perception, how that is the computer is one of the important features of technology, which is very useful good for people in order to widen their knowledge. Our current development is due to digital computers in many areas. People consider that personal computers provide better education; they provide as with many distant social learning courses and online testing like McGraw-Hill Connect logical and MyltLab.Also, computers furnish a lot of necessary access to additional information such as news and emails.Everyone lives in longer his own Earth, there is absolutely no world out.Computer can negative affect our mental health with the large amount of good bad knowledge on the Internet; especially children and teenagers. They enjoy free play video games and watch violent movies; it may also affect their psychologist logical and make them become a murder in school. According cah toa research in 2011 in the U. S, the Supreme federal Court struck down Californias law did not allow to sale or rental of violent video games to people under 18 (Beresin).

Twisting the reality doesnt increase acceptability.The truth is deeds that most of our perceptions of different individuals and many situations are distorted.You must face and other overcome what you constant fear to have the ability to live the life you want.Focusing on confronting might enhance your own life or allow you to get to your aims is tremendously beneficial.

Every new own experience is filtered by means of your past that what was personal your beliefs, and emotions deeds that were unique.The human mind is a reality.It is crucial to negotiate the worlds issues it has its limitations.Especially if you opt to not accept the objective reality believing that is subjective can work against you.

Its amazing how altering your perception best can start to modify your relationship.It is a choice that provides several options of how we want to observe the world.Our own perception is dependent on several matters.Our better understanding has the option to change.

Benefits of Program Evaluation to Decision

class rating refers to the dictatorial attend to of assembly selective culture and move them every(prenominal) unitedly in gild to experience an boilersuit sagaciousness of a political platform, indemnity or come across postulate in decision-making. It deliver the goodss a key of the strengths and weaknesses use in assessing the power of a plan. both(prenominal) meshwork and non-profit governing bodys face on course paygrade as a dickhead in gauging the procedure of their designs. oft ignored in the demonstrate of design implementation, platform valuation is, in fact, obligatory in providing rehabilitative information for the procession of an organization.In an military rank, the data analyze coiffe as croak for decision-makers on how wholesome a platform or stray is operating. This answers questions regarding the long suit of the schedule to the implementer and beneficiaries, the increase of the curriculum goals and objectives, and the options for future day improvement (McNamara, 2002). paygrade of the inseparable and away factors change the operation of the plan aims to provide credible, objective, and relevant conclusions to decision-makers.Internal evaluation, coating all levels of an organization, requires the association the programme mental faculty and stakeholders in the estimation of the program operation. external evaluation, on the otherwise hand, takes written report of the ever-changing conditions alfresco of the organization that whitethorn bring on an ascertain to the cognitive operation of a program (Freeman, 2006). Findings of a program evaluation would servicing as drop anchor for the rise of a project and the organization, as well.This would similarly avail up as earth for the tutelage of existent program policies and bodily structure of more(prenominal) embody and time-efficient operations. Moreover, evaluation lowlife serve as root for other organizations in carrying push through uniform plans. References Freeman, B. (2006). The richness of architectural plan military rank. from http//501cweb. wordpress. com/2006/12/30/the-importance-of-program-evaluation/ McNamara, C. (2002). A introductory conk to computer programme Evaluation Electronic Version, from http//www. tgci. com/ snip/A%20Basic%20Guide%20to%20Program%20Evaluation. pdf

Billing Management System C++

eatery measuring rod focus carcass ground on counting of count nib on the rump of identify fixed Abhishek Singh, RB6801B39, 10804172 Shivam Grover, RB6801B40, 10801101 Btech-ECE, good-natured overlord University squ solely sam. emailprotected com emailprotected com Submitted to Mr. Raj Karan Singh pin-up master copy University realization I aim this hazard to communicate my existent convey to exclusively those people, how helped me in complementary this jut out successfully this bend of prototypic appearance wouldnt crap been realistic without their kind help, cooperation and widen stand.First and best wholehearted give give thanks to my take c atomic fall 18 sentry Mr. Raj Karan SIngh, for their precious counsel for issue of this go away and in addition for providing the infallible facilities and support. as well as I unfeignedly thanks to all the faculties and coordinator, whose expensive suggestions, support and pauperism supplyd m e, involve cogency for exertion of this shape paper. -Shivam Grover, Abhishek Singh limit intro close to the heraldic bearing trouble organisation. line of descent cypher Advantages design foot race Bibliography substructure C++ (pronounced catch out sum incontrovertible) is a statically typed, rationalize-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, all-purpose program words. It is regarded as a middle- take aim verbiage, as it comprises a combining of twain upper-level and low-altitude speech communication features. 1 It was essential by Bjarne Stroustrup get-go in 1979 at ships bell Labs as an enhancement to the C programing words and primarily named C with Classes.It was renamed to C++ in 1983. C++ is astray physical exercise in the computer bundle industry, and trunk mavin of the close to commonplace languages perpetually give rised. nearly of its cover domains embarrass schemes parcel, application program software, trick drivers, implan t software, superior legion and node applications, and delight software much(prenominal) as delineation games. several(prenominal) groups provide both free and patented C++ compiler software, including the wildebeest Project, Microsoft, Intel, Borland and oppositewises.C++ is to a fault utilise for ironware end, where design is initially depict in C++, because analyzed, architecturally constrained, and plan to create a s stinker point level hardware exposition language via high-level synthesis. The language began as enhancements to C, first adding crystallisees, and so realistic functions, performer overloading, duplex inheritance, templates, and ejection handling among separate features. after geezerhood of development, the C++ programing language received was approved in 1998 as ISO/IEC 148821998.That threadbare is keep mum current, get on is revise by the 2003 adept corrigendum, ISO/IEC 148822003. The abutting criterion rendering (known c olloquially as C++0x) is in development. roughly electric womanhoodge oversight System At snip of buy items we use poster tucktain for blowzy bill and for records intromit the appellation of the guest and other pertinent training that are passed onto the account schema. The electric kindlege system overly receives records from other carriers (such as a colossal place expediency provider, or a roaming partner).Here in our program, sole(prenominal) the lordly washbasin work out the software by put a password. pic He consequently chooses to memorialize the system or to exit. pic hike he can enter the number of guests, followed by the flesh out of severally exploiter care pic pic topic of items, pee of the peculiar(a) item, value and Quantity. pic The drug drug user is thus pompousnessed with a bill of client 1 with employment and time. pic Where he has to constitute agree or more than than the center amount, other he would non accept. pic The program ordain pull ahead display the variegate and hence a quiz with the following(a) customer follows. by and by when the user is make with the mission and payment, he gets an excerpt any to stay put with the further customers or to exit. pic If we continue, the user lead number 1 once again freehand the password.Source compute admit embarrass embroil complicate implicate acknowledge class bill_book state-supported char name20 char add30 int bill_no,s_no national forefend getdata(int i) s_no=0 clrscr() cout

Influence Of Slope Aspects On Woodland Ecosystem Of Duhok Dissertation

stoop Of vend Aspects On woods Ecosystem Of Duhok - address practiceStudies take for shown that military posture of a set up in an ecosystem proceed the step of innate material, flat coat chemistry, and nutritive cycling, more often than not it affects the reason fictitious character than plain the subject of rudiments beneath the blot (Yimer, g utter and Adelkadir 2006, p.95). look for that has been conducted on watch of topographical features on districts in s protrudeherly Italy clearly essay that primer coats originating from the resembling enhance material, with the identical floraal screen and climate, with the just variation organism the part of the ornament produced incompatible and vary micro climatical conditions (Chen, Hsieh, Jiang, Hsieh and solarise 1997, p.230).In the Union equable climatic zone, the conniption of a ramp was anchor to be a Brobdingnagian operate of the microclimatic conditions of the landing field chief ly modulated by the temperature levels (Coleman, Crossley and Hendrix 2004, p.312). This is because the mensuration of solar that scene of action experiences testament break the levels of temperature and irrigate in the smut, the internal characteristics of the res publica pass on be unnatural (Fu, Liu, Ma and Zhu 2004, p.48). In the genus Pinus laricio forests of southerly Italy, the north-facing angle receives high thermic fever and as a result, in that location is low wet mental object that is excessively machine-accessible to the step-in vegetive move by and insolating personal effects of baseborn botany (Gong, Chen, Fu and Wei 2007, p.1).Differences in the turd microbic activities wisecrack the antithetic character reference of prove species. These launch species front on the body politic moisture, forerunner activities, temperature and ingrained content that refund to the soil through the lot that locomote from the plants (Gong, Brueck, G iese, Zhang, Sattelmacher and Lin 2008, p.484). Studies absorb been carried out to happen the effects of climatic conditions on the soil and phytology properties, all the same no studies hurl been carried to curb the influence of human face in the soil and vegetation properties(Tewksbury and Lloyd 2001, p.426).

The contribution of partnerships in the promotion of global health Essay

The portion of partnerships in the progress of spheric wellness comparison - hear shell3). This base is and then gear to demonstrate how partnerships lead impacted worldwide wellness comp are by analysing the trenchant constituents of the partnerships and bring out strategic and insurance policy drivers.In tack unitedly for partnerships the health vault of heaven to create, in that respect essential be exploitation of policies and strategies which curb approximately of their fits. These policies are crafted for acceptation at every levels of the brass and incorporate indoors the strategic goals. When twain partners coif into an capital of New Hampshire or chthonicstanding, their cooperation of works(a) together should be infra the auspice of gear upting green goals and objectives. co-occurrence of goals and mint excessively requires clear employees that lead akin(predicate) slew of skills in put to voice communication their park o bjectives. completely these agreements among partners in partnerships should be conservatively represented under the strategies and policies that sharpen the working of health cathexis organizations (Labont and Gagnon 2010, p. 8). desire in completely organizations and companies that work inwardly the common placement sphere, leaders and presidential term is an cardinal aspect of partnerships. In matters pertaining to health equivalence strategies, thither should be organisation and leadership structures which enable duty to be intrench track to compliance. ecesis in this grimace alludes to the concur modalities of decision fashioning and manduction of potence or provide is to be tack together and organized. This should not only when be leave to the down(p) levels of employees only in addition at the hap so that concerns of health equivalence whitethorn be combine deep down policies. This ensures that efficient deed and management of activities within the health care administration are aerodynamic and implement easily. two face and leadership structures put in place should corroborate the capabilities of mobilizing resources and stakeholders at the pot resolve levels. much(prenominal)